Rebirth in ‘Little Dorrit’

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Commenter Jun made a good point the other day about how Arthur in Little Dorrit — like several other Dickens heroes — has to be "brought down" before he and Amy are able to come together, and we had an interesting little chat about how this tends to be a trend in 19th-century literature, often with both the hero and heroine needing to undergo a great change of some sort. It's a fascinating topic.

In Arthur's case, though, I find myself focusing more on his rebirth. I've always been struck by this part of the introduction in my copy, written by John Holloway:

Dickens does not, of course, go back on his generalities and his portrait of society. The closing words of the book emphasize that society is entirely unchanged. [That's one reason I rather missed the smaller wedding scene, with its depiction of one couple's happiness against the larger backdrop of society's "usual uproar," even though the movie's big wedding was certainly enjoyable in its own way. –GRD] But the crashing into ruin of Clennam's house, home of a generation-long deception and self-deception, focuses our vision of how at least those few who reject and destroy the false 'surface' may arise from life's ruin, into new and valid life, as if reborn.

Elsewhere in this essay — which is a really good piece of writing; I wish I could find it on the Web so I could link to it for you — Holloway explores how Arthur has been living a life of self-deception, seeing himself as old, solitary, and unloved, and how his false image of himself has to be destroyed before he can find happiness with Amy. And she herself has to break out of her shell to help him destroy it — as Holloway points out, she proposes to him. True, she waits until he's a captive audience (har!) to do it, but she does it, and shatters both their "surfaces": her timid exterior and his "avuncular" self-image.

And it makes the image of rebirth all the stronger that Arthur literally has a new mother, even though in the book he doesn't know it yet. It's a very nifty fitting together of narrative and theme.

(Speaking of Arthur's mothers, I was looking at the book the other day and came across Mrs. Clennam's letter to Arthur in prison again. I meant to mention in my review that I'd been surprised the filmmakers left that part out, but had eventually decided that it was just as well they had. Hoo boy, what a stinker of a letter! When you think about it, even though he still had a bad time, movie Arthur got off relatively easy compared to the book version.)

There's lots more that could be said on the subject, but I'll leave it for now and let you commenters take it up, if you'd like. Here are a couple of other Little Dorrit-related points I've been meaning to mention:

  • The site Jane Austen Today has some lovely photos from the production, both stills and behind-the-scenes shots. The majority are here, but you'll find even more if you just keep scrolling down the homepage. I've seen other photos scattered around the Web here and there, but haven't kept very good track of where they were. If anyone else would like to let us know where you've found photos, please feel free!
  • One thing I learned back when I was doing my honors undergraduate project is that if an author is really great, I can spend tons of time reading his or her works and still enjoy them just as much as I did at the beginning. (I would spend hours during the day writing about Dorothy L. Sayers, and then read her books for relaxation at night!) The same holds true of particular stories. Here we've spent all this time on Little Dorrit the miniseries, and now I've got a BBC radio dramatization in my room and I'm raring to go on that! Plus I still have the older miniseries to review. However, I understand that my readers may be ready for a little break, so I'll save both of those for later, probably sometime in the summer. We'll have plenty of other topics to cover in the meantime!

Responses

  1. christopher harris Avatar

    Speaking of ‘rebirth’ and Austen, Gina; wouldn’t you say that this is a fairly common literary device used by Austen, the Brontes, and Dickens. One could say that Fitzwilliam Darcy must go through a rebirth in order to recognize his ‘pride’, and in so doing becomes the man that Lizzy can more fully respect and love unconditionally. Similarly, Elinor Dashwood in “Sense and Sensibility” has to undergo a rebirth to understand her feelings for Edward Ferrars. Rochester in “Jane Eyre” must go through a rebirth, of sorts, and deal with the mad wife, Bertha and his own arrogance before Jane is able to return and love him. Finally, I think that Dickens uses this moral lesson throughout most of his books; from Sydney Carton, Pip, to Arthur Clennam. This was an excellent point that you’ve brought forward, Gina. Cheers!

  2. Jun Avatar

    I’m so flattered for being mentioned by Gina that I almost flustered like Flora! 🙂
    Overall I must admit that this adaptation is brilliant. What impresses me the most is the effort to cram every character in this massive plot into the TV script. That is no small undertaking. Hats off to Andrew Davies.
    And all the acting! There was no obvious weak link. I often find it breathtaking that British actors rarely phone in a performance regardless of how small the role is. Everyone put in an admirable effort, even if the script or casting was on a few occasions questionable. The problem of Miss Wade and Harriet (Tattycoram) was inherent in the original novel and not fixed here.
    I don’t know if this disqualifies me as a fan of Dickens. I see his faults and flaws (in writing and life) and like to point them out because I don’t feel they should have been prevented or eliminated. They are an integral part of who he was, and still is. If he were not this exuberant, messy, and crazy man, he would not have made so many mistakes, nor would he have given us such sprawling, massive, mind-blowing masterpieces. His flaws and imperfections are what made him who he was, as much as his genius and passions and vision and compassion.
    I can go on and on about the massively complex and intriguing novel and the parallel with Our Mutual Friend, and the interpretation of the TV series. Should heed Gina’s suggestion and stop. 😉

  3. Gina Avatar

    No, don’t stop! I like to hear you guys go on and on. The problem with running a solo blog is that sometimes you get sick of the sound of your own voice (or pixels, as it were). I love it when the rest of you chime in.
    I understand quite well what you’re saying about Dickens and his faults, and yes, I think you’re still allowed to count yourself as a fan. 🙂 “If he were not this exuberant, messy, and crazy man, he would not have made so many mistakes, nor would he have given us such sprawling, massive, mind-blowing masterpieces.” That’s brilliantly put!
    As for the “rebirth” theme, Chris, I don’t know whether I’m trying to make a distinction that doesn’t exist when I talk about “being brought down” vs. “being reborn.” They’re all part and parcel of the same process, probably. But I guess one has to come before the other: You can’t really start a new life until you’ve recognized what was wrong in the old life, and are ready to try to put it behind you and start fresh. Does that make sense?

  4. christopher harris Avatar

    Gina, it absolutely does make sense. Probably we all go through phases in our life that are full of retrospection, self-doubt, and even denial, before we can make the necessary changes to make ourselves more worthy in our own eyes as well as those near and dear to us. I think most, if not all, of the great authors through time have used this literary device in their best works. Another prime example is the maturation processes that Prince Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov each go through during the course of Tolstoy’s “War and Peace.” Really a fascinating topic! Have a wonderful day!

  5. Jun Avatar

    Thanks, Gina. I might sneak back and drop some more thoughts about Little Dorrit because I cannot help it. 🙂
    At the risk of offending Austen fans (unfortunately I am not. I like Persuasion but that’s pretty much it.), the transformation of Darcy and Elinor Dashwood is perhaps closer to Amy Dorrit’s, but quite different from Arthur Clennam and, perhaps, Rochester in Jane Eyre, or Eugene Wrayburn in Our Mutual Friend. These men share some similarities — they are all, at one time, “superior” in social status and age and worldliness. These gaps have made the relationships hopeless if not impossible throughout the novel, until the men’s lives come to a BRUTAL crash. Austen’s characters have a gentle change of mind. Dickens’ characters get punched in the face and hit on the head. The crashes bring a certain humility to their position and finally remove a sense of condescension (even if it’s much subtler and ambiguous than the relative positions of Darcy and Elizabeth Bennett) toward the heroines, so that in the end their love is finally equal. (Well, in the case of Eugene and Lizzie, Lizzie is always and undoubtedly the moral and emotional superior — I always believe.)

  6. christopher harris Avatar

    Jun, I quite agree with your observations. I think that your assessment that some of Austen’s characters “have a gentle change of mind” and that these changes are more “subtle and ambiguous” is precisely right too.
    The times that Austen wrote in was, in some respects, quite different from that of Dickens. The consequences of social status during Austen’s life (The Regency) was, if anything, even more ruthlessly applied, and individuals did their best to mask their feelings continuously; and I’m sure that hypocrisy and “white lies” were the word of the day. The distinction between social classes certainly still existed prominently during the period of Dickens’ books; but his characters, as well as those actually living in Victorian England, were able to cross over and blur those distinctions to a large degree. Hence Austen’s use of the deft, subtle, and elegant art of bringing her heroines and leading men up and down through the course of novels; whilst Dickens employed the brick-bat, e.g., going from the Marshalsea to High Society (Mr. Dorrit), and from High Society to the Marshalsea and back up again (Arthur Clennam).
    In summation, I think it is the same moral lesson applied by each author in their own unique time and their own unique fashion. This has been (and continues to be) a most thought provoking and interesting conversation. BTW, even in the case of Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet; I am not sure but that Lizzie is still the “moral and emotional superior” ;>) Cheers!

  7. Jun Avatar

    Oops. Sorry. 🙂 I meant Lizzie Hexam is always the moral and emotional superior to Eugene Wrayburn.
    Thanks for reminding me the difference in time and place (country vs urban) and scope (woman vs man’s access to “society”) between Austen and Dickens. I totally agree!

  8. Gina Avatar

    Just a minor point, but Arthur Clennam is never considered High Society. (I love it when he comes back at Mrs. Gowan with “Really, ma’am, I am so undoubtedly plebeian myself, that I do not feel qualified to judge.”) Nonetheless, going to the Marshalsea would be a fall for pretty much anyone, regardless of his or her starting point.

  9. christopher harris Avatar

    You are right, Gina; poor choice of words on my part. Just as Mr. Merdle, in the eyes of his Chief Butler, was most assuredly plebeian; and he took the ultimate fall-from-grace (Yikes!). I am looking forward to see what Masterpiece does with “The Old Curiosity Shoppe”. Cheers!

  10. Christy Avatar

    On the subject of rebirths, I’ve been noticing recently how often Dickens takes a mildly bad or weak or non-heroic character and gives him a complete turn-around. Sydney Carton, of course, is the most drastic, but Lord Verisopht is just behind him. And then there’s Dick Swiveler, the wonderful Mr. Pancks, and even Newman Noggs. One of my favorite scenes in the incredibly incredible, 9-hour, 1980 Royal Shakespeare Company performance of “Nicholas Nickleby” is the scene when Lord Verisopht turns from an idiot into a gentleman and dies for it.

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