Charles Dickens, anti-philanthropist?

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Has anyone seen the new issue of Reason? Apparently it's not online, but the magazine's Web editor, Tim Cavanaugh, has a blog entry up describing an article he wrote for it about Dickens and anti-capitalism. Sounds a little simplistic to me, but (a) I'm no economics expert, and (b) as I indicated, I haven't seen the magazine. So I won't sound off on that, at least not until I've had a chance to look at the magazine and see if it's worth sounding off about. (Two prepositions at the end of one sentence! They'll take away my degrees in English.)

What really bugs me about Cavanaugh's blog post is this:

I started rereading Bleak House while working on it, and
though I found that book as heavy as a pile of cinder blocks when I
read it twenty years ago, I've been completely absorbed by it this
time.

In addition to being a fabled attack on lawyers, Bleak House is central to George Mason economist David M. Levy's study of Dickens
as an enemy of both free markets and the abolition movement. The
characters Mrs. Jellyby and Mrs. Pardiggle are parodic philanthropists,
who shower unwelcome charity on poor strangers (in Mrs. Jellyby's case,
the unfortunates of "Borrioboola-Gha" on the banks of the Niger), while
neglecting and mistreating their own family members. According to Levy,
the emphasis on these characters' families is a direct reference to the
family-centered nature of British evangelical abolitionism, in which
several generations of Anabaptist familes would commit themselves to
agitating for the cause.

As Levy points out, objections to
Dickens' lampooning of abolitionists date back to the time of
publication. Chief Justice of England Lord Thomas Denman, accused
Dickens of using "his powers to obstruct the great cause of human
improvement — that cause which in general he cordially advocates… We
do not say that he actually defends slavery or the slave-trade; but he
takes pains to discourage, by ridicule, the effort now making to put
them down… The disgusting picture of a woman who pretends zeal for
the happiness of Africa, and is constantly employed in securing a life
of misery to her own children, is a laboured work of art in his present
exhibition."

In the way of these things, the skill of the
writer outlives the specifics of the real-life model. Mrs. Jellyby has
become an iconic representation of pain-in-the-ass do-gooders, while
only a handful of people recall the pettiness of Dickens' motivation.

All this based on two characters in one book? Really? With all his advocacy for the oppressed in his books and his efforts to help them in real life, two characters make the man petty, anti-philanthropic, and anti-abolitionist? Ever hear of, say, creating well-rounded characters, or looking at all sides of an issue, or realizing that people have flaws and trying to reflect that in one's writing?

I'm sorry, Mr. Cavanaugh (and Mr. Levy), but if that's what you get out of Dickens, you don't get Dickens at all.

Responses

  1. Rob V. Avatar

    That’s an interesting take on things. Perhaps someone is purposely stirring the pot of controversy? I’m especially latching on to the “anti-abolitionist” notion. Dickens clearly let the world know his views on slavery – it is indisputable that he was against slavery. Even if he was “lampooning” abolitionists, that doesn’t mean he was against the concept of abolitionism! That’s like suggesting that, though I love football, not liking the Brett Favre means I’m anti-NFL. Did I just make a sports reference?

  2. Jun Avatar

    Was Dickens for or against abolition? I don’t remember seeing evidence either way. Although I have not read Bleak House, in general I have a suspicion that almost all of his characters were based on (perhaps sometimes directly describing) certain real persons — characters, of course, not the plot he put them in. I would not be surprised if he know a self-righteous abolitionist who irritated him to no end. So he vented his irritation in writing. Perhaps he had no strong opinions about the abolition movement — but if he was strongly anti-anything, I’m sure he would have let us know that, just like how he let us know that he was anti-lawyers.
    Such is the difference between ideology and good literature. The latter, annoyingly similar to real life, is never dichotomous and never about a single issue or matter.

  3. Rob V. Avatar

    To go off the last comment, we do have to recognize the difference between political tracts and fiction. Can we really presume that Bleak House was meant to be such a provocative statement against so many things? Certainly, some of what we read into the novel reflect Dickens’s beliefs, but can we presume all?

  4. christopher harris Avatar

    Gina, Rob, and Jun, I completely agree with all of your observations and points. I AM reading “Bleak House” right now; and Dickens is most certainly not anti-abolitionist or anti-philanthropist, not in the slightest degree. While I am only 250 pages into the novel, Dickens is, as Gina says, pointing out there are many facets to each and every issue; whether it is the law and the courts, or do-gooders, or poverty and bad drinking water in the tenements. “Bleak House”, like “Dombey and Son”, is one of those books that truly makes the reader stop and think about the people around them and their lives, and that what we do has consequences, sometimes good, sometimes bad. Dickens used his pen like abolitionists used their pamphlets and rhetoric, and like the philanthropists used their money and their rhetoric. Take the results of Dickens’ publication of “Nicholas Nickleby”; within a few short years the horrifying ‘Yorkshire schools’ were a thing of the past and the Master Squeers of the world were out of work or in prison. Finally, anyone who refers to “Bleak House” as a “cinder-block” may have a brick, or two, located, inconveniently, in other parts of their upper anatomy. Mr. Cavanaugh does NOT get Dickens at all. Cheers! Chris

  5. Nibs Avatar

    It seems to me that, in Bleak House, Dickens is speaking of priorities – it’s not so much that he is against abolition or philanthropy, he is just making a point that it is wrong to ignore and mistreat your home and your children while focusing on strangers in a totally different continent. Just my take. 🙂

  6. Gina Avatar

    To learn a little more about Cavanaugh’s rationale for the “anti-abolition” charge, see his second link to David Levy (this one — http://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/LevyPeartdismal4.html — I hope it’ll hyperlink, but I can’t make any guarantees. If it doesn’t, just copy and paste).
    Levy’s piece is a pretty remarkable example of twisting everything another author says, to my mind. Scroll down to the heading “Fixed or Malleable Human Nature: Reactions to Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” and read his fisking of Dickens and Henry Morley’s 1852 article “North American Slavery,” and I think you’ll see what I mean.

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